Hydrosphere and Atmosphere

Hydrosphere

The Hydrosphere is one of the four spheres of earth and is made up of all those areas on the surface of earth that are covered in water or ice. Oceans and seas, rivers and lakes, glaciers and underground water, even the water vapor in the atmosphere, all of these constitute the hydrosphere. It covers almost 70% of the earth’s surface. Only 30% is land, or Lithosphere. The rivers and lakes contain Fresh Water while the oceans and seas contain Salt Water.

The hydrosphere is essential for life on earth. It provides water for animals and plants, it wears away rocks to make soil, it controls the earth’s weather and climate.

Constituents of the hydrosphere

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Constituents of the atmosphere

Atmosphere

The air surrounding the earth as far as 1,000 miles is called the Atmosphere. Nitrogen makes up about 78% of the atmosphere, oxygen is about 21%, the remaining 1% is argon and some other gases. The lowest part of the atmosphere, known as the Troposphere, accounts for clouds, winds, storms and other weather features. The air thins out as you ascend above the troposphere, eventually becoming outer space.

The atmosphere is essential for the air we breathe, for providing warmth, and for preventing harmful solar rays from reaching earth.

The Water Cycle

The elements of the hydrosphere are constantly in motion. Water is continuously moving from oceans to air, to land, and back to the oceans. This Water Cycle is driven by the sun. The sun evaporates the water from the oceans, making it rise in the form of water vapor into the atmosphere. The vapor forms clouds which Precipitate to fall back to earth in the form of rain or snow or hail or sleet or some other form of moisture. This distribution and circulation of water ensures that we always have enough water on the planet at all times.

The water cycle does the following –

It fills all the water bodies – oceans, lakes, rivers
On land, it seeps into the ground to create Ground Water supply, which runs off to fill the rivers and eventually the seas
In mountainous areas it forms snow, ice and glaciers, which melt in warm weather to fill rivers and seas

Thus, the hydrosphere and the atmosphere work in unison to keep the water cycle running.

Check Point

The ice and water content on earth makes up the ______.
The lowest part of the atmosphere is called the ______.
Hydrosphere and Atmosphere are responsible for –
1. Controlling the earth’s weather and climate
2. Running the water cycle
3. Life of animals and plants on earth
4. All of the above
Which of the following is not a form of precipitation?
1. Snow
2. Rain
3. Ash and dust
4. Hail and sleet
Water which seeps into the land is called _______.

Answer Key

Hydrosphere
Troposphere
d) All of the above
c) Ash and dust
Ground water

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