Geologic Time

Earth is very, very old!

Earth is at least 4.5 billion years old! That’s a long period of time. There are many terms to measure the earth’s timeline– Eons, Eras, Periods, Epochs, Ages. They are used to measure geologic time in the earth’s history.

Eons go right back in time to when earth and moon were formed. They typically last for hundreds of millions of years each. Eons are divided into Eras, which are further divided into Periods, Epochs, and Ages. Put your knowledge to the test with this challenging 6th Grade Science Worksheet! Read each question carefully and choose the response that you feel is correct.

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Did you watch “Jurassic Park”? That word came from the Jurassic Period180 million years ago when dinosaurs ruled the earth. The Jurassic period was during the Mesozoic Era which started 240 million years ago! By contrast, the earliest ancestors of human beings first appeared on Earth only 5-7 million years ago. Doubts? A 6th-grade science tutor can help.

Did you enjoy the “Ice Age” movies? The last Ice Age, when glaciers covered most of earth, was around 2.6 million years ago.

The progress of human civilization is often defined in terms of the Stone Age, Bronze Age and Iron Age, based on when humans used these materials to build homes and tools.

Mammoths trekking across a snowy landscape.

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How do we know Earth’s History?

By studying Rocks and Fossils!

The history of life on earth is recorded in the rocks & fossils on the surface of earth, known as its Crust. Rocks have been formed, worn away, and re-formed right from the creation of the planet. These rocks undergo natural processes of Weathering and Erosion, typically due to wind and rain, to form Sediments. Sediments accumulate in layers known as Strata. Geologists dig up rock layers and study their composition to understand the nature of earth in the past.

Many rocks contain Fossils that reveal the history of life on earth. Fossils are preserved life forms of plants and animals. Imagine that an animal (maybe a dinosaur) fell and drowned in soft mud millions of years ago. The body of the animal would have rotted away but its bones would be preserved in the mud and protected by layers of sedimentary rock deposited on top. Even plants can be found preserved in this manner. Geologists dig up these fossils and study them to understand life on earth in the past.

Check Point

How old is earth estimated to be?
Dinosaurs ruled earth during the _______.
The last Ice Age was ______ years ago.
Earth’s history can be studied from ______ and ______.
Sediment accumulates in layers known as ______.

Answer Key

5 billion years
Jurassic Period
6 million
Rocks, Fossils
Strata

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Images Credit:

https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2015/05/15/04/05/geological-time-spiral-767821_1280.png

https://storage.needpix.com/rsynced_images/dinosaurs-2901031_1280.jpg

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Ice_age_fauna_of_northern_Spain_-_Mauricio_Ant%C3%B3n.jpg/1200px-Ice_age_fauna_of_northern_Spain_-_Mauricio_Ant%C3%B3n.jpg

https://www.open.edu/openlearn/sites/www.open.edu.openlearn/files/styles/share_img/public/ole_images/nature/fossils-extinct-creatures/generic-fossil/generic%20fossil.jpg?itok=LuOH9fTS